Einstein brilliantly wrote about the influence of gravitation on time in his article on General Relativity. Then came Emmy Noether’s theorem: Energy conservation demands a constancy of the constants of physics, like the speed of light: they must be invariant to time translations. She wrote to Einstein that his GR...

Einstein started publishing on his General Relativity in January-February 1916. On these articles Karl Schwarzschild based his exact solutions. On 11 May that year, however, Einstein published is official GR – with a little but important change: no more two equal reference frames. Too late for Karl. Other...

Is everything relative? Well, funny enough everything is relative except everything, the universe. The universe is all there is, by definition. The universe is 100% of what there is, so we can express everything relative to the universe of 100%. Einstein used this method of natural coordinates, making...

It seems nobody has fully understanding of Einstein’s theories, his errors and changes of mind. Karl Schwarzschild did, in 1915, but due to critisism Einstein changed his 1915-version a year later, after Karl’s death. Nobody then corrected Karl’s solutions and inconsistencies persist, are copied and copied again....

The trouble with the widely used Hubble law v = H.D is, that the speed-factor is based on Hubble’s own assumption without any proof. They only combined estimated distances of galaxies with their measured redshift. Later observations of much higher redshifted galaxies in deep space, force us to adapt the law....

The ‘photo’ of the black hole in M87 is already iconic. The ‘Event Horizon telescope’ gave us a valuable look on the enormous object. But what do we see?ETH think it is the accretion disk (sending radiowaves) around the event horizon of a singularity. This conflicts with physics, Karl Schwarzschild and Einstein...

The Theory of General Relativity is very complicated mathematics. Einstein formulated a number of demands to ensure that solutions match measurement physics. Exact Schwarzschild solutions have later been changed by astronomers, unscientifically, to get rid of difficult issues.The relevance is great: abiding...

The temperature of Neptune’s upper atmosphere is very low, but high activity levels like geysers were seen by Voyager 2 in 1989. Surprising because current publications estimate the core temperature at only about 5,400 [Kelvin].However, based on Noether’s theorem of energy conservation the core must be more than...

The “perfect cosmological principle” describes how a model of the universe should look like. This principle requires the model of the universe to be homogenous (the same everywhere) and isotropic (the same in all directions). Many cosmologists apply this principle to space only, but the universe consists of...

The Hubble law is widely used as distance ladder. Edwin Hubble assumed that high redshifted galaxies was caused by their speed, which led to the expanding universe. He never imagined that a redshift of more than 1 would ever be measured. How about relativity: Doppler at ultra-high speeds and gravitation?A step...