Relative to the whole universe – Natural coordinates
loopdoctorNovember 7November 70Level I Student
Is everything relative? Well, funny enough everything is relative except everything, the universe. The universe is all there is, by definition. The universe is 100% of what there is, so we can express everything relative to the universe of 100%. Einstein used this method of natural coordinates, making...
Why the universe is spherical
loopdoctorOctober 15October 150Level I Student
The relevance of the perfect cosmological principle to the universal model is enormous. The universe can either be Euclidean and infinitely large and old, or spherical and limited in space and time. Which one is correct, that is abiding physics laws and observations? Observations show that the universe must be...
The E-M-R-W Universe
LoopdoctorsSeptember 27September 270Level I Student
The current FLRW model of the universe has a lot of controversies: dark energy, dark matter, changing speed of light, anomalies, etc. It is in conflict with Einstein, and Noether. With help of Robertson&Walker’s measuring systematic, based on Einstein’s first model, a 3-sphere with a 4D-radius as factor of time solves...
Beyond our universe lies our future
LoopdoctorsApril 28March 11Level I Student
It is hard to take space-time seriously. What is the consequence for the four-dimensional shape of our universe? For better understanding, this article uses 2-d sections to visualize Einstein’s first model. This static model used a cosmological constant which Einstein later withdrew. The authors present a new 3-sphere...
Our universe stays 11 billion years old
LoopdoctorsMarch 17April 200Level I Student
The age of our universe depends on the estimate of the Hubble constant. Recent measurements (WHAP, Planck, ed) would mean an age of more than 14.5 billion years. This article takes a different approach, based on Noether’s theorem on energy conservation and the comoving coordinates of Robertson and Walker. The age now...