Einstein wrote about the influence of gravitation on time in his theory of General Relativity. Then came Emmy Noether’s theorem: Energy conservation demands invariance of the constants of nature, like the speed of light. She wrote to Einstein that his theory cannot guarantee energy conservation in strong...

Einstein published his theory of General Relativity (GR) in stages. Based on these publications, Karl Schwarzschild found two exact solutions in January and February 1916. However, on May the 11th of that year, Einstein published his official GR – with important changes effecting both of Karl’s exact...

The ‘photo’ of the black hole in M87 is already iconic. The ‘Event Horizon telescope’ gave us a valuable look on the enormous object. But what do we see?ETH think it is the accretion disk (sending radiowaves) around the event horizon of a singularity. This conflicts with physics, Karl Schwarzschild and...

The Hubble law is widely used as distance ladder. Edwin Hubble assumed that the high redshift of far away galaxies was caused by their speed, which led to the expanding universe. He never imagined that a redshift of more than 1 would ever be measured. How about relativity: Doppler at ultra-high speeds...

Black Hole Singularities and Wormholes: Albert Einstein would have warned against them and Karl Schwarzschild would have corrected these ideas, caused by errors. This article explains extensively the history behind these errors and also how they must be repaired. It turns out that a so called Event horizon belongs in...

In his Theory of General Relativity, Einstein replaced the Lorentz transformation by the formula of his tutor Minkowski. What happens if we apply the Minkowski formula back into the Theory of Spécial Relativity? What are the differences? This article shows: the Minkowski’s formula doesn’t create the Twin- and Ehrenfest...

In his theory of General Relativity, Einstein replaced the Lorentz transformation by the Minkowski formula. He also introduced the variable speed of light in gravitation. This is unnecessary and untenable: it is  in conflict with Noether’s theorem on energy and momentum conservation. The authors use the ‘time’...

How do you interpret the equivalence principle of gravity and acceleration? Einstein said: standing in a hypothetical closed elevator, you cannot determine whether you hang still and feel the effect of gravity of a planet nearby , or you feel the same effect caused by the elevator accelerating out in space. What...

Long after Einstein’s death, Shapiro sent a radar signal to Venus, in its position opposite of the sun, and half an hour later received it back. With this astonishing experiment he proved part of the delay (190 microsec) was caused by the gravitation of the sun.   Eddington, expert in Einstein’s theory of General...

Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955) was a pioneer of space-time. In 1905, he published his theory of Special Relativity, in which he discovered the energy in mass (E = m.c^2) based on the constancy of the speed of light to all observers. He also introduced time dilation (time going slower at high speed), based on the...