Recently, a group of astronomers recalculated the mass of the Milky Way, with the help of new data from the Gaia and Hubble space telescopes. Until now, different estimates varied from 500 billion to 3 trillion sun-masses, mainly due to the unknown “dark matter” which is supposed to present the...

The relevance of the perfect cosmological principle to the universal model is enormous. The universe can either be Euclidean and infinitely large and old, or spherical and limited in space and time. Which one is correct, which one is abiding physics laws and explains all observations? Observations show...

It is hard to take space-time seriously. What is the consequence for the four-dimensional shape  of our universe? For better understanding, this article uses 2-d sections to visualize  Einstein’s first model. This static model used a cosmological constant which Einstein later withdrew. The authors present a new 3-sphere...

  Remarkable? Andromeda goes 20% faster than stated in many books and publications. So you see: Our repair-project leads to many consequences and predictions. This article is about the famous Hubble law. The law is explained, analysed and grilled. The measured redshift of our today’s most far spotted galaxy GN-z11...