Einstein’s Special Relativity Theory was brilliant and many know the famous formula E = mc2. However the theory also was criticized. Ehrenfest, Mach and others showed inconsistencies and even Einstein himself formulated his twin paradox: who has become older after return?With help of Minkowsky he solved...

In 1908 Hermann  Minkowski improved Special Relativity Theorie by replacing the Lorentz transformation by his own differential formula. Einstein followed him because now the speed of the proper observer could vary. Later Einstein made use of Minkowski’s formula in his General Relativity. Another advantage was that the...

In his Theory of General Relativity, Einstein replaced the Lorentz transformation by the formula of his tutor Minkowski. What happens if we apply the Minkowski formula back into the Theory of Spécial Relativity? What are the differences? This article shows: the Minkowski’s formula doesn’t create the Twin- and Ehrenfest...

How do you measure? Crucial is which measuring stick or [unit] is used to read the amount or coordinate on your display. Einstein originally didn’t talk about ‘length contraction’ (amount) but about ‘measuring stick contraction’ (unit). Remarkably Einstein’s theories are cast in mathematical formulas using coordinates...